![]() ![]() Metaphase is a stage during which relatively little morphological change takes place in the mitotic nucleus. ![]() In the absence of midbody formation, such as in mutants lacking the centralspindlin components CYK-4 and ZEN-4, the cytokinetic furrow regresses and cytokinesis fails. Cytokinesis is completed when the ingressing cytokinetic furrow reaches the midbody, a structure formed by remodeling of the central spindle, which is thought to promote membrane fusion. ![]() Nonmuscle myosin (NMY)-2 and its regulators MLC-4 and LET-502 power cortical contraction and furrow ingression. Downstream CYK-1 induces assembly of actin filaments at the cortex. Both pathways ultimately induce the assembly of an actomyosin contractile ring at the cell cortex through activation of the small GTPase RHO-1, which acts at the apex of a signaling cascade. The site of cytokinesis is influenced both by the positioning of the astral microtubules and by signals from the central spindle, a bundle of overlapping microtubules formed during anaphase ( Figure 1( c)). O’Connell, in Brenner's Encyclopedia of Genetics (Second Edition), 2001 Cytokinesis
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